The Music of Albert Roussel

Collaborative Works

During his career, Albert Roussel contributed music to several collaborative works, such as a special issue of Revue Musicale honoring the death of Claude Debussy. These works were are all short and had no opus number; their instrumentation and character were determined by the special circumstances of their commissioning. The collaborative works include the following:

L'Accueil des Muses
for piano

Written: 1920 Premiered: Paris, Jan. 24, 1921
E. Levy
Length: 4 minutes One movement
Publisher: Durand Dedication: To the memory of Claude Debussy

In 1920, the editors of the magazine Revue Musicale invited leading composers to contribute music to a commemorative issue honoring Debussy, who had died in 1918. The list of contributors was impressive and cosmopolitan: Bartok, de Falla, Goossens, Malipiero, Stravinsky, Dukas, Ravel, Satie, Schmitt — and, of course, Roussel.

Roussel's contribution was a piano piece called L'accueil des Muses (The Welcome of the Muses), a somber, relentless funeral march. One of his most anguished and dissonant works, it swells from a quiet opening to a powerful middle section that dies away again at the end.

(In honor of Roussel's sixtieth birthday in 1929, the Revue Musicale produced a similar commemorative issue for Roussel. Contributors at that time included Auric, Caplet, Delage, Delvincourt, Durey, Ibert, Milhaud and Poulenc.)

How does it sound?

Roussel establishes a brooding, funerial atmosphere and then quickly builds the intensity in this short excerpt from the beginning of L'accueil des Muses (99K WAV file).

Other opinions:

This "Lament for Debussy" uses various techniques associated with Debussy's piano style, such as bitonal effects and wide spacing on the keyboard. [Maurice Hinson]

Its most amazing passage comes at the work's conclusion: a long line arches upward, ascending to the extreme high register of the piano before a final close, now in the lowest register of the instrument. It is a fitting memorial to Debussy and the perfect synopsis of Roussel's own artistic greatness. [Robert Haskins]

Roussel's respect for Debussy is apparent in his writings, and his own offering, a piano piece entitled L'Accueil des Muses, is a moving and personal one. The slow curves of the melody and the intense harmonies betoken a grief whose poignancy is not concealed by its restraint of utterance. [Basil Deane]

This is a grave and solemn song, a stately and forlorn cortege of the Muses honoring the shade of the author of Pelleas. [Catalogue de l'oeuvre d'Albert Roussel]

L'accueil des Muses, written in 1920 to honor Debussy, is a concise work; four pages in the original Durand edition. It doesn't use brilliant sound, but instead evolves constantly using pianissimo, then piano, then an aborted crescendo. [Michelle Biget]

Sarabande for L'eventail de Jeanne
for orchestra

Written: 1927 Premiered:
Paris, March 4, 1929
Length: 3 minutes One movement
Publisher: Durand Dedication: Mme Jeanne Dubost

About this Work:

Jeanne Dubost was a well known Parisian patroness of the arts; she often organized musical soirees for a wide group of composers and visiting musical artists. She also ran a ballet school for children. These two interests came together in the spring of 1927 when she took apart her hand fan and gave a leaf from it to each of ten composers of her acquaintance, asking them to write a little dance for her students. (Roussel was one of the ten; the others were Auric, Delannoy, Ferroud, Ibert, Milhaud, Poulenc, Ravel, Roland-Manuel and Schmitt.) The composers did, cooperating to an extent that apparently surprised Madame Dubost; and the result was a collaborative ballet entitled, appropriately, Jeanne's Fan (L'eventail de Jeanne).

The ballet was first performed at Mme. Dubost's salon in 1927, with Ravel at the piano and her students performing. It was such a success that it was given a formal performance at the Paris Opera in 1929. Interestingly enough, this was the first performance of any of Darius Milhaud's music at the Opera, and he was so annoyed that he should debut with a trifling little Polka rather than one of his serious stage works that he boycotted the performance. The ballet is uneven, as one might expect, and it has no real story binding it together; yet it contains some excellent music. Ravel's Fanfare, for example, has won a place in the repertoire in a piano version.

Roussel excelled at writing powerful, emotionally charged slow movements, and so it is appropriate that his contribution to L'eventail de Jeanne was a slow Sarabande in the very middle of the work. The anguish found in some of his work is tempered here by lyricism. Indeed, this pensive, sometimes sad piece reminds me of some of the slow dances from Romeo and Juliet by Prokofiev, the 20th century's master of tunefulness; the second subject is particularly noteworthy for its grace and beauty. All the themes are simple and dignified, gently spiced with typical counterpoint and dissonance.

Roussel also made an arrangement of the Sarabande for two pianos.

Other opinions:

Roussel's contribution was a slight but graceful Sarabande (without opus number). [Basil Deane]

His Sarabande — a dark baroque dance in triple-time — provides with noble and tragic undertones the ballet's central slow-movement. [Edward Johnson]


Pipe
for flageolot (piccolo) and piano

Written: 1934 Length: 1 minute
Publisher: L'Oiseau-Lyre Dedication: Mrs. James Dyer

About this Work:

This short piece was Roussel's contribution to a collection of teaching pieces for flageolet, which is a small shepherd's flute with a fipple like a recorder. Other contributors to the collection included Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric, Jacques Ibert and Francis Poulenc. As suits its purpose, the music is deliberately simple and straightforward.

Other opinions:

Roussel's undemanding piece sounds like a charming children's melody. [Per Skans]

Prelude to Act II of Le Quatorze Juillet
for military band

Written: 1936 Premiered:
Paris, July 14, 1936
Roger Desormieres, cond.
Length: 5 minutes One movement
Publisher: Chant du Monde Dedication: none

About this Work:

The assault of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 was one of the most important symbolic events of the French Revolution — so much so that July 14 is still an important French holiday. In 1936, seven composers collaborated on the incidental music for a production of Romain Rolland's play Le Quatorze Juillet. Aside from Roussel, the composers included Ibert, Auric, Milhaud, Koechlin, Honegger and Daniel Lazarus.

Roussel's contribution was a prelude to the second act, which deals with events on the night preceding the assault. First we hear the conflicting emotions of the people in the Faubourge St. Antoine, followed by a threatening march. The threat dies away, leaving a silence of ominous foreboding.

Two things stand out in Le quatorze juillet. The first is the quality of the tone painting; this is the work of the Roussel of the ballets, not of strict neo-classicism. The second is the quality of the instrumentation, which is vivid and atmospheric.

This is one of Roussel's two strong contributions to modern concert band literature. The other is the spirited and beautiful A Glorious Day, written in 1932.

Other opinions:

The most deeply felt and personal music [of Le Quatorze Juillet] was Albert Roussel's overture to the second act. [David Diamond]

Short though it is, the Prelude is a remarkable piece of evocative writing. [Basil Deane]

If these five minutes of music do not have, in themselves, a large place in Roussel's total output, they nonetheless demonstrate his attachment to certain advanced ideas of which he made no mystery, but which have been singularly misrepresented. He was generous and full of sympathy for the disinherited and for their revolt in the face of social inequalities... but I am sure, although we rarely broached the subject, that he was ignorant of all politics. [Marc Pincherle]


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